中学英语基本词汇语法解析afraid和after等
afford [ə'fɔːd] vt. 负担得起（……的费用），抽得出（时间）提供
My parents can't even afford a new refrigerator. 我父母甚至买不起一台新冰箱。[can afford买得起；有能力负担]

afraid [ə'freɪd] adj. 惊慌的，害怕的
I’m afraid that it will rain tomorrow. 恐怕明天要下雨。
Don’t be afraid of asking for help from others.不要害怕向别人求助。[be afraid of 害怕]
I’m afraid for my sister. 我担心我的妹妹。[be afraid for sb.为…担心]
【易错警示】be afraid of/ be afraid to do 
be afraid to do 表示因害怕而不敢做某事。例如：
I am afraid to dive into the swimming pool. 我不敢跳进游泳池里。
be afraid of doing 表示担心某事可能发生。例如：
I am afraid of falling into the swimming pool. 我担心会掉进游泳池里。
背单词的好方法
随时随地背单词
不知不觉背单词
单词不用记

after ['ɑːftə]  prep. 在……之后，在……后面；‖ conj.  在……以后；‖ adv. 以后，晚于
After you left, we all missed you.  你走了以后， 我们都很想你。
After breakfast, Amy took a taxi to the station. 早饭以后，埃米乘出租车去了车站。
It has turned out to be a nice day after all.天气终于转晴了。[after all  终究，毕竟]
【易错警示】1. after/ behind
after ○1after指时间的先后次序，意为“在…之后”（later in time than）；I shall be free after ten o'clock．十点之后我有空。○2after常用以指顺序，意为“跟在…之后”、“接着”、“接连”。After you，please！您先请！（出门或进门时的客套用语）
behind ○1behind指位置的前后，意为“在…后面”（in the rear of）。The library is located behind the teaching building．图书馆在教学楼的后面。○2behind 则表示“隐匿在后”、“背着”或“遗留在后”之意。Don't stand behind the door．不要躲在门背后。
【易错警示】2. after/ in 
after after +时间段，与过去时连；用after +时间点，可与将来时连用。He came back after two hours. 2个小时后，他回来了。He will be back after two o'clock.他将在2点钟后回来。
in in +时间段，与将来时连用。He will be back in two hours.他将在2小时候回来。
【知识拓展】
反义词：before 

Mr. Smith wears old clothes. Then he goes to a party for dinner. He is happy. But the people in the room don’t look at him and they don’t let him sit by the table.
Mr. Smith is sad. So he goes home. And he goes to the party with good clothes again. He looks smart. Everyone in the room stands up and smiles at him. They also give the delicious food to him.
Mr. Smith takes off(脱下) his clothes and says to the new clothes, “Eat, clothes!”
The people in the room ask, “Why are you doing like this?” He answers, “I’m asking my clothes to eat food. When I wear old clothes, you don’t look at me. And don’t let me sit down. Now I’m in good clothes. You give me so delicious food. I think you give the food to the clothes, not to me.”
66. Why don’t people in the room look at Mr. Smith?
A. Because he doesn't come by car.            B.  Because he is young.
C. Because he is wearing his old clothes.        D. Because he is old.
67. What does Mr. Smith goes home to do?
A. He wants to wear his good clothes.           B. He wants to take off his old clothes.     
C. He likes the delicious food.    D. He wants to drive his car.
68. Mr. Smith goes back to the party. People in the room stand up and smile at him because______.
A. he is wearing his old clothes           B. he comes in a very good car
C. he is wearing his good clothes          D. he likes everyone in the room
69. Mr. Smith gives the delicious food to_________.
A. good clothes  B. old clothes          C. the people  D. himself
70. Where do you think the passage come from?
A. A storybook B. A sports book    C. A science book  D. A geography book

Tom is ten years old this year. He is in Grade Two(二年级). He doesn't work hard at school. His teacher doesn't like him. But Tom thinks he is the cleverest student(最聪明的学生)in his class. And he thinks his math is good. On a Sunday afternoon，Tom goes home. He feels very hungry. So he says to his mother，“Mom，I am very hungry. Can I have some food to eat？” “Supper is not ready now，but there are two cakes on the plate. You can eat them first.” When he sees the two cakes，Tom says，“Mother，I have three cakes now. Look！This is the first cake. This is the second cake. One and two is  three. I am very clever.” “Yes，you're very clever，”says his mother. “Now give me the first cake, your father will eat the second cake, and you eat the third one.”
71. How is Tom’s schoolwork?
A. Good.      B. Bad. C. Nice.        D. OK.
72. Which subject does Tom think he is good at?
A. English  B. math C. Chinese  D. P.E.
73. How many cakes are there on the plate?
A. 1 B. 2  C. 3 D. 4
74. Can Tom eat the third cake?
A. No，he can't.  B. We don’t know.  C. Yes，he is right.    D. Yes，he can't.
75. What do you think of Tom?
A. He is clever.    B. He isn’t clever.    C. He is lovely.       D. He is sad.

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